Final answer:
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an inability to produce insulin due to the immune system damaging the insulin-secreting beta cells in the pancreas, causing hyperglycemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathological disorders associated with type 1 diabetes result from the inability to produce pancreatic insulin. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the insulin-secreting beta cells of the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin production. Without insulin, the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels, which causes them to rise, resulting in hyperglycemia. Hence, the correct answer to the multiple-choice question is (a) produce pancreatic insulin.