Final answer:
The correct answer is 'A. State governments'. The U.S. Constitution uses federalism to divide powers between the national government and state governments, while also implementing a separation of powers among the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Constitution divided powers between the federal government and the state governments. This reflects the concept of federalism, which apportions power between two levels of government: national and subnational. In the U.S., the federal or national government is divided into three branches: the Legislative branch (Congress), which is responsible for making laws; the Executive branch (headed by the President), which is responsible for implementing and executing laws; and the Judicial branch (headed by the Supreme Court), which interprets and enforces the laws.
The correct answer to the question is 'A. State governments'. Modern democracies like the United States use both separation of powers among the three branches and federalism to ensure a balance within the governmental structure. The powers granted to the federal government are clearly spelled out in the Constitution, with the remaining powers reserved to the state governments.