Final answer:
ARBs, including Losartan, Telmisartan, and Valsartan, are medications that block the effects of angiotensin II to reduce blood pressure and are used for conditions like hypertension and heart failure. They are generally safe but can have side effects such as dizziness and hyperkalemia. ARNIs are a newer class that combines an ARB with a neprilysin inhibitor, further aiding in heart failure management.
Step-by-step explanation:
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs), also known as Angiotensin-2 Receptor Antagonists, are a group of medications that include Losartan (Cozaar), Telmisartan (Micardis), Valsartan (Diovan), Candesartan (Atacand), Eprosartan (Teveten), and Irbesartan (Avapro). These drugs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that significantly affects blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and influencing renal function. Specifically, ARBs prevent angiotensin II from binding to its receptors on the blood vessels, leading to relaxation and dilation of the vessels, thus decreasing blood pressure
Clinical Uses of ARBs
ARBs are primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and may be prescribed after a heart attack. Due to their effects on the renin-angiotensin system, they are also used to protect the kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes who have kidney disease.
Potential Toxicities and Side Effects
While generally well-tolerated, ARBs can cause some side effects including dizziness, hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), and occasional renal impairment. They should not be used during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects.
ARNIs, or Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors, represent a newer class combining an ARB with a neprilysin inhibitor for the treatment of heart failure.