Final answer:
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and loop diuretics can decrease blood pH by promoting the excretion of bicarbonate ions and increasing the excretion of H+ ions, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diuretics known to decrease blood pH (acidemia) are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and loop diuretics. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide, work by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is necessary for the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the kidney. When bicarbonate is lost in the urine, it depletes the body's alkaline reserve, leading to a decrease in blood pH and potentially causing metabolic acidosis. Loop diuretics, like furosemide, cause the excretion of not just Na+ and Cl- but also K+ and can lead to a secondary increase in the excretion of H+, resulting in acidemia.