Final answer:
The term that applies to the physical and physiological changes experienced by astronauts who spend months in space is acclimation. Astronauts experience muscle atrophy and bone loss due to the unique conditions of space such as reduced gravity and microgravity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that applies to the physical and physiological changes experienced by astronauts who spend months in space is acclimation. Acclimation refers to the process of adjustment that the body makes in response to chronic exposure to a new environment. In the case of astronauts, the changes they experience in space, such as reduced gravity and microgravity, can have significant effects on their bodies. These effects include muscle atrophy and bone loss.