Final answer:
The EPA signal word indicating severe eye damage or skin irritation is 'Corrosive'. Corrosive substances like hydrochloric acid can burn skin and eyes severely, as opposed to 'Irritant' substances like hydrogen peroxide, which cause irritation. Proper safety measures are essential when handling these hazardous materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The EPA signal word that indicates that a material may cause severe eye damage or skin irritation is Corrosive. Materials with this label, such as hydrochloric acid, can burn the skin and eyes and even burn holes in clothes. When a substance is classified as corrosive, it means that it has the potential to eat through objects, making it very dangerous to handle without proper safety precautions. On the other hand, materials labeled as Irritant cause irritation but are generally less harmful than corrosive substances. An example of an irritant is hydrogen peroxide.
Understanding the hazards associated with different chemicals, especially those that are corrosive, is critical. These substances can readily decompose proteins and lipids through amide and ester hydrolysis upon contact with living tissues, leading to serious injuries or chemical poisoning. Therefore, recognizing the signal words such as 'Corrosive' on chemical labels is crucial for ensuring safety during handling and use.