Final answer:
A reducer or adapter is used to connect hoses of different diameters. The given physics problem involves calculating flow rates, velocities, and using the projectile motion to find the necessary nozzle diameter.
Step-by-step explanation:
The item used to attach a smaller hose to a larger one is typically called a reducer or an adapter. Reducers are designed to transition between hoses of different diameters smoothly, ensuring a secure and efficient connection.
To address the physics problem presented:
- The volume flow rate (Q) of the water through the nozzle when the diameter is 2.0 cm can be found using the formula Q = V/t, where V is the volume and t is the time. So, Q = 0.10 m3/72 seconds = 0.001389 m3/s.
- The speed (v) of the water coming out of the hose is determined by the equation of continuity, A1v1 = A2v2, assuming A1 = A2 (cross-sectional area of the hose remains constant), v = Q/A. With a diameter of 2.0 cm, the area A = π(d/2)2 = π(0.02/2)2, and v can be calculated accordingly.
- To reach the flower bed 3.0 meters away, the hose needs to spray water at a velocity that can be calculated using projectile motion equations, considering the height and horizontal distance.
- The diameter of the nozzle needed can be deduced by rearranging the continuity equation to solve for the new diameter, given the higher speed necessary to reach the 3.0-meter distance.