Final answer:
Religious oppression in England and colonization of New England are examples of Puritanism, a movement to purify the Church of England from Roman Catholic practices, leading to the establishment of colonies for religious freedom. Option d) is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The religious oppression in England and the colonization of New England are examples of Puritanism. Puritanism was a movement within the Church of England that sought to purify the church of Roman Catholic practices and rituals. These Puritans faced oppression in England due to their beliefs, which led them to seek a new land where they could practice their religion freely.
In the 1620s and 1630s, many Puritans crossed the Atlantic to establish colonies like Massachusetts Bay, intending to create a society based on their religious principles. Unlike Manifest Destiny, which involved the expansion of the United States across the continent, or Theocracy which denotes a government run by religious leaders, Puritanism specifically refers to the religious motivations and practices of these English settlers.