Final answer:
ADP receptor inhibitors such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor prevent platelet aggregation by blocking the P2Y12 receptor, reducing thrombotic events in cardiovascular disease. They are used clinically following coronary interventions and in acute coronary syndrome, with a primary side effect being an increased risk of bleeding.
Step-by-step explanation:
ADP receptor inhibitors are a class of drugs that are used to prevent platelet aggregation in the cardiovascular system. These drugs work by inhibiting the P2Y12 ADP receptor on the surface of platelets, thereby reducing the likelihood of thrombotic events. The most commonly known ADP receptor inhibitors include clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. These drugs are frequently used to prevent strokes, myocardial infarctions, and other complications in patients with cardiovascular disease.
The mechanism of action of these inhibitors involves the blockade of the P2Y12 receptor, a key player in platelet activation and aggregation. By inhibiting this receptor, ADP receptor inhibitors reduce the ability of platelets to clump together and form clots. Clinical uses of ADP receptor inhibitors primarily include the prevention of arterial thrombosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
As for toxicities, ADP receptor inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Clopidogrel, for example, is a prodrug that requires bioactivation and carries the risk of variable response among patients. The metabolism of clopidogrel includes pathways that involve cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are subject to drug-drug interactions. Evaluation of drug-drug interaction potential is critical when prescribing these medications to avoid unintended adverse effects.