Final answer:
To prevent nephrotoxicity while taking Cisplatin, it's crucial to maintain adequate hydration to ensure heavy urine production (2 to 2.5 liters per day) and adhere to a diet low in protein, nitrogen, sodium, and oxalate-rich foods, and maintain adequate dietary calcium.
Step-by-step explanation:
Preventing Nephrotoxicity When Taking Cisplatin
Cisplatin (Platinol®) is a chemotherapy drug particularly efficient against certain types of cancer, including tumors of the reproductive organs. The prevention of nephrotoxicity, which is kidney damage caused by this potent anticancer agent, includes several strategies. First and foremost, adequate hydration is critical; patients are often advised to drink sufficient water to produce 2 to 2.5 liters of urine per day. Additionally, a low-protein diet, with reduced nitrogen and sodium intake, may help minimize the excretory load on the kidneys. The restriction of oxalate-rich foods, such as chocolate, nuts, soybeans, rhubarb, and spinach, alongside maintaining an adequate intake of dietary calcium, is also recommended.
It's worth noting that cisplatin works by getting at least one of its chloride ions replaced by water, forming an active species that reacts with DNA to prevent cell division and tumor growth. As such, proper hydration not only protects the kidneys but may also assist in the efficacy of the drug. It's essential for patients to follow their healthcare provider's specific recommendations for preventing nephrotoxicity during cisplatin treatment.