Final answer:
Several drugs are associated with causing focal to massive hepatic necrosis, and they induce severe damage to the liver through various mechanisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Several drugs are associated with causing focal to massive hepatic necrosis, which is severe liver damage. These drugs include:
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - when taken in excessive doses
- Antituberculosis drugs like isoniazid and rifampin
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and naproxen
- Antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin and valproic acid
- Amoxicillin-clavulanate
These drugs induce severe damage to the liver through various mechanisms, including direct hepatotoxicity, immune-mediated injury, and metabolic disruption. For example, acetaminophen can cause liver damage by depleting glutathione and forming toxic metabolites that damage hepatocytes.