Final answer:
Data residual refers to the data left behind on systems or media after standard deletion processes have been taken. The correct answer is b) Residual, which is recoverable with special tools until it is overwritten by new data.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term “data residual” refers to data that remains on systems or storage media after normal deletion procedures have been attempted. This type of data may not be visible to the common user, but can be retrieved through special software or forensic tools. The correct answer to the question is B) Residual.
When files are 'deleted' in a standard way, the space they occupy is typically marked as available for use by other data, but until that space is actually overwritten by new data, the original files or pieces of them often remain and can be recovered. This is why data wiping or specialized deletion tools are recommended for securely erasing sensitive files.