Final answer:
Carl Jung is the psychologist who posited that creativity might be a byproduct of loneliness. Other notable psychologists contributed variously to concepts like the hierarchy of needs, the application of psychology in advertising, the stages of moral thinking, and perceptual phenomena.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychologist who claimed that creativity could be a byproduct of loneliness is c) Carl Jung. Jung was a Swiss psychologist whose work contributed to our understanding of the psyche and he emphasized the importance of the individual's inner life to personal development. He believed that periods of solitude and introspection can be instrumental for self-discovery and the creative process.
In terms of the other figures mentioned in relation to psychological concepts:
- Abraham Maslow is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.
- Walter Dill Scott was the first psychologist to apply psychology to advertising.
- Lawrence Kohlberg proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages.
- Max Wertheimer would agree that perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components, in line with Gestalt psychology.
- Surrealism was inspired by the theories of Sigmund Freud, but the Abstract Expressionists were more influenced by Carl Jung.
- Sigmund Freud presented the first comprehensive theory of personality and is known for his development of psychoanalysis.