Final answer:
Resilient Development is the urban development approach that incorporates programs and practices to handle and offset adverse outcomes, including environmental issues and climate change impacts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The form of urban development that incorporates programs and practices to offset adverse outcomes is known as C) Resilient Development. This type of development includes strategies like the conservation of wetlands that provide natural protection against storm surges and flooding or water conservation methods such as rainwater harvesting in regions expecting a decrease in rainfall. Additionally, resilient development often involves adaptive urbanism which includes operational improvements and new methods to tackle local needs and mitigate issues while acknowledging that full elimination of problems like Caulerpa is not possible.