Final answer:
The statement about the pluralistic structure being synonymous with dependency in financial institutions is false. The Panic of 1819 actually decreased faith in the Second Bank of the USA, also false. Lastly, modernization theory does not establish a clear causal link between economic growth and democracy, making it false as well.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'A pluralistic structure implies that every financial institution is dependent on each other' is false. A pluralistic financial structure means that there is a diversity of institutions and mechanisms in the financial industry, but not necessarily that every institution is dependent on each other. They can compete, complement, or operate independently of one another.
In terms of the Panic of 1819, the correct answer is false. The Panic of 1819 decreased the American people's faith in the Second Bank of the United States as it was partly blamed for causing the financial crisis.
As for the modernization theory, it's false to state that modernization theory has clearly established a causal link between economic growth and democratic institutions. This theory suggests a correlation, but the relationship is complex and not definitively established as causal.