Final answer:
The Haber-Bosch process, developed by Fritz Haber, played a critical role in enabling the production of synthetic fertilizers, a key factor in increasing agricultural productivity and supporting a larger human population.
Step-by-step explanation:
The invention by Fritz Haber, known as the Haber-Bosch process, is indeed considered one of the most significant inventions of the 20th century.
This process enabled the synthetic fixation of nitrogen, allowing for the large-scale production of ammonia, which in turn made the creation of synthetic fertilizers possible.
These fertilizers significantly increased the productivity of agriculture, making it possible to support a larger human population on the same amount of arable land.
The correct answer to the question is B) Enabled the production of synthetic fertilizers.