Final answer:
The southern Maya used advanced irrigation systems and rainwater harvesting to address the water problem, employing methods such as reservoirs, canals, and terracing to support their civilization's agricultural and urban needs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The southern Maya addressed the water problem by employing several innovative techniques to ensure a stable water supply for their agricultural practices and daily needs. They made extensive use of advanced irrigation systems and rainwater harvesting technologies. The Maya adapted to their environment by constructing reservoirs and other water management structures to capture and store rainwater as well as channeling water from natural sources. They employed raised irrigated fields, known as chinampas, to create canals and enhance agricultural productivity. These strategies were central to their ability to develop and sustain a complex society. From terracing in mountainous areas to breeding specialized species of fish for use as fertilizer, the Maya civilization displayed a deep understanding of ecological balance and resource management in order to support their sizeable urban populations.