Final answer:
EEPROM is a type of non-volatile memory used to store data that must be saved when power is removed, and can be electronically written and erased. It is included in the ATmega328P microcontroller, an integral part of the Arduino UNO platform, providing memory storage for electronic projects.
Step-by-step explanation:
EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. It is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed, like calibration settings or device configuration. EEPROM can be written and erased electronically using a higher voltage than the normal operating voltage used by the rest of the device. The ATmega328P microcontroller, which is an integrated circuit, features EEPROM and is commonly found in the Arduino UNO platform.
The EEPROM being part of the microcontroller allows for small amounts of data to be stored without requiring a power source to maintain the data. This is particularly useful in embedded systems where adjustable settings need to be retained across power cycles. The ATmega328P's inclusion of EEPROM makes it a flexible and practical component for a variety of electronic projects and products that require interchangeable parts and reliable memory storage.