Final answer:
The forgetting curve illustrates that memory loss mostly occurs gradually over time, as initially studied by Hermann Ebbinghaus. It demonstrates rapid memory decay shortly after learning, which then levels out, termed storage decay. Alongside decay, interference plays a significant role in memory retention, particularly in short-term memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The forgetting curve shows that most memory loss happens gradually over time. This concept was first analyzed by Hermann Ebbinghaus, who memorized lists of nonsense syllables and then measured retention after various time periods, finding a significant drop in memory retention after just 20 minutes.
The curve indicates that memory for new information decays quickly, and then levels out. This process is known as storage decay, where the memory trace becomes less activated over time, leading to forgetting.
Memory trace decay and interference are also crucial factors affecting memory retention. Short-term memory tends to decay within seconds to minutes if not rehearsed, which was demonstrated through experiments using trigrams.
Proactive and retroactive interference can prevent new learning and recall of previously learned information. In contrast, long-term memory has a seemingly unlimited capacity but requires proper encoding and consolidation to become resistant to forgetting.