Final answer:
The resonance among the moons of Jupiter means that their orbital periods are small-integer multiples of one another. This demonstrates the phenomenon of orbital resonance, which does not involve the specific relationship between the orbital periods and the semi-major axes as described by Kepler's third law.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the orbital resonance of the moons of Jupiter, which is an astrophysical phenomenon. The correct answer to the question 'The resonance among the moons of Jupiter means that:' is b) their orbital periods are small-integer multiples of one another. This type of resonance implies that the numerous moons of Jupiter orbit the planet in a synchronized manner, such that their orbital periods maintain a stable ratio of small integer numbers.
Kepler's third law states that the square of a planet's orbital period is directly proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit. However, this law does not directly relate to the resonance of the moons, which is about the synchronization of their orbital periods, not the relationship between the period and the semi-major axis. Therefore, the other options do not accurately describe the resonance experienced by Jupiter's moons.
Notably, orbital resonance is a phenomenon that can lead to stable configurations in systems with multiple orbiting bodies, such as Jupiter and its moons. Understanding this helps to predict the motions of the moons and can inform us about the dynamical evolution of the Jovian system.