Final answer:
Athena's epithet 'Parthenios' reflects her status as a vir_gin goddess, which was a critical part of her identity. The Parthenon, Athena's temple, gets its name from this attribute of the goddess, and inside it once stood the Athena Parthenos statue by Phidias, made from ivory, silver, and gold.
Step-by-step explanation:
The epithet "Parthenios," associated with the Greek goddess Athena, is a derivative of the Greek word 'parthenos' meaning 'vir_gin' or 'maiden.' This reflects Athena's status as a vi_rgin goddess, which was a central aspect of her identity. The Parthenon, the temple dedicated to Athena on the Athenian Acropolis, derives its name from this aspect of the goddess. It was designed by Iktinos and Kallikrates and built at the height of the Athenian Empire's power around 447 BCE. Inside this temple stood the Athena Parthenos, a colossal cult statue created by the sculptor Phidias, which has been lost to history although descriptions and reproductions remain. Made with a combination of ivory, silver, gold, and a wooden core, the statue depicted Athena crowned, wearing her helmet and aegis, with a shield at her side and holding a statue of Nike in her right hand.