Final answer:
During the Kalligeneia phase of the Thesmophoria festival, worshippers would celebrate fertility and partake in a concluding sacrifice of pigs to Demeter. This phase emphasized human procreation and the fertility of the land and involved feasting and celebrating women's crucial role in the community.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Thesmophoria festival, in honor of Demeter, women engaged in ceremonies to promote fertility and agriculture. The final phase, the Kalligeneia, was a significant part of the ritual where the focus was on celebrating human procreation and the fertility of the land. Worshippers would conclude the festival with a sacrifice, typically of pigs, which were Demeter's favored animals. The rites performed during this phase might have been aimed at ensuring the well-being and fertility of both the land and the community.
While men were excluded from the festival, and hence our sources on specific activities are limited, signifying the deep-rooted gender segregation in such religious practices, it is understood that the Kalligeneia represented the positive aspects of the festival. Women were likely making dedications to Demeter, possibly involving agricultural tools as well as partaking in feasts and wine, which were otherwise often restricted to them. These activities resonated with a wider appreciation of women's special procreative potential and its essential role for the continuity of the community.