Question

1) Instruct the patient to take two or three deep breaths, using the diaphragm. This helps get the air behind the secretions. After the third deep inhalation, tell the patient to hold the breath for a few seconds and then cough forcefully. This is repeated as necessary, usually every 1 to 2 hours. Helps keep the airways clear of secretions.

2) Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically have a weak cough and airways that collapse easily. ___ ____ may work better for them.
3) are essential for patients with chronic lung disease. Diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing increase the effectiveness of breathing and help reduce panic when dyspnea occurs
a)The diaphragm is the major muscle of breathing, but patients often use less efficient accessory muscles when they are SOB. Conscious use of the diaphragm during breathing can be relaxing and conserve energy. Teach the patient to do the following:
1. Place one hand on the abdomen and the other on the chest.
2. Concentrate on pushing out the abdomen during inspiration and relaxing the abdomen on expiration. The chest should move very little.
b) This technique can be used any time the patient feels SOB. It helps keep airways open during exhalation, which promotes carbon dioxide excretion. It should be done with diaphragmatic breathing. Counting during breathing also distracts the patient, reducing panic. Teach the patient to do the following:
1. Inhale slowly through the nose to the count of two (using diaphragmatic breathing).
2. Exhale slowly through pursed lips to the count of four.
4) Fowlers, semi fowler's, good lung down ( for pt. with unilateral (one-sided) lung disease)
A) Huff cough / Breathing exercises / Postural positions
B) Forced cough / Inhalation therapy / Supine position
C) Gentle cough / Oxygen therapy / Trendelenburg position
D) Prolonged cough / Nebulization / Prone position

Answer 1

Deep diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing are crucial techniques for patients with chronic respiratory conditions to improve lung ventilation and manage dyspnea. The Huff cough is particularly recommended for COPD patients with weak coughs. Adopting specific postural positions can also aid in easier breathing.

Step-by-step explanation:

The practice of deep diaphragmatic breathing is essential for individuals with chronic respiratory conditions because it allows for improved ventilation of the lungs and helps prevent airway collapse. In people with COPD, who have weak coughs and easily collapsible airways, a technique known as the Huff cough may be more effective.

Additionally, for patients with chronic lung disease, using diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing techniques can significantly improve breathing efficiency and assist in managing acute episodes of shortness of breath. To perform diaphragmatic breathing, a patient is instructed to place one hand on the abdomen and another on the chest, focus on pushing the abdomen out during inhalation, and relax it during exhalation with minimal chest movement.

Pursed-lip breathing involves inhaling slowly through the nose and exhaling through pursed lips, usually to a count that helps control the breath's pace. Lastly, postural positions such as Fowler's, semi-Fowler's, or good lung down for patients with unilateral lung disease can facilitate better airflow and ease of breathing.