Final answer:
John Williams used orchestral arrangements to create the scores for the mentioned films, creating a rich and full sound characteristic of his iconic style.
Step-by-step explanation:
The composer John Williams is known for creating stunning scores for a variety of films, including disaster films like The Poseidon Adventure, The Towering Inferno, Earthquake, Jaws, Superman, and Raiders of the Lost Ark. To achieve his iconic sound, Williams adapted d) orchestral arrangements for the modern recording studio. This method provided the full, rich sound characteristic of his scores, proving to be a perfect fit for the grand scale and high drama of these cinematic works. Williams did not rely on traditional folk melodies, nor did he incorporate rock and roll rhythms or classical compositions directly; instead, he created original compositions that were symphonic and thematic, often inspired by classical techniques but uniquely tailored for the cinematic experience.