Final answer:
Mengzi, also known as Mencius, was a proponent of Confucianism, which emphasizes ethical conduct, self-discipline, and respect for tradition to guide society towards harmony. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The philosopher Mengzi, also known as Mencius, adhered to the doctrine of Confucianism. Confucianism, established by Confucius in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, focuses on self-discipline, respect for authority and tradition, and the concept of jen - the kind treatment of every person.
Confucian teachings were compiled in the Analects and were aimed at guiding society towards greater social cohesion through moral practices. Unlike Legalism or Daoism, Confucianism does not advocate for an expansive legal code backed by rewards and punishment or promoting nonaction.
Instead, it puts forth a model based on virtue and ethical conduct as a means to achieve social harmony and good government.
Hence, Option B is correct.