Final answer:
Synthetic chemical pesticides have been used since ancient times, with major developments in the 20th century introducing DDT and organophosphates, leading to widespread adoption due to their effectiveness. However, environmental impact and health concerns spurred by 'Silent Spring' led to regulated use and interest in organic and biological alternatives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The origin of synthetic chemical pesticides dates back thousands of years, with documented use of natural pesticides like sulfur and poisonous plants. By the 15th century, toxic chemicals such as arsenic were used, but it was not until the 20th century that chemical pesticides like DDT, organophosphates, and neonicotinoids revolutionized agricultural practices. These chemicals offered efficient pest control, leading to rapid adoption by farmers and the American public due to the increased crop production and reduced labor. However, the indiscriminate use led to environmental consequences such as the bioaccumulation highlighted in Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring,' leading to stricter regulations on pesticide use.
Pesticides can be classified by organism target—such as herbicides and insecticides—chemical structure, or physical state. Within the insecticide category, the most prominent families include organochlorines like DDT, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids. Modern pest management also includes organic and biological pesticides, which appeal to environmental and health concerns.