Final answer:
The sensation described is Vertigo, where there is a discrepancy between visual input and the vestibular system in the inner ear, leading to motion sickness or dizziness. Galileo's concept of relative motion explains different perceptions of observers in motion. Vestibular sensation's dependence on gravity can lead to conditions like Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sensation of moving through space while being physically stationary is known as Vertigo.
This condition often occurs when there is a discrepancy between the senses that help us perceive motion, specifically between our visual sense and the vestibular system in our inner ear.
For example, when a person stands up too quickly or someone is in a moving car, there can be conflicting signals sent to the brain because the eyes might not perceive the motion the same way the inner ear does, which can trigger motion sickness.
In situations where a person observes another object, like a train, moving while they are stationary, they experience relative motion.
If standing on a platform observing a moving train, the person on the platform would see the train as moving past them, while a person on the train would perceive the stationary observer as moving past them in the opposite direction.
This concept relates to Galileo's conclusions on how motion is relative to the observer.
Vertigo can also be affected by gravitational changes, as explained by vestibular sensation.
The vestibular system relies on gravity's effects on tiny crystals in the inner ear, and conditions like Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo occur when these crystals shift into areas where they shouldn't be, causing dizziness and a false sense of motion.