Final answer:
The magnitude of the force perpendicular to a force projected onto the axis is defined as the Normal force, but the term that describes forces causing rotations is torque, calculated with T = rF sin θ.
Step-by-step explanation:
The magnitude of the force perpendicular to a force projected onto the axis is known as the Normal force. However, when discussing forces that cause rotations or tend to cause an object to rotate, we use the concept of torque. Torque is the rotational equivalent of a force and can be calculated using the formula T = rF sin θ, where r is the magnitude of the lever arm, F is the magnitude of the linear force, and θ is the angle between the lever arm and the force vector. The direction of the torque is determined using the right-hand rule and is perpendicular to the plane formed by r and F. This rule states that if you curl the fingers of your right hand in the direction of F, your thumb will point in the direction of the torque, indicating whether it is clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the pivot point.