Final answer:
Inductive reasoning starts with specific examples and moves to a general conclusion (Option A). It's the opposite of deductive reasoning, which begins with a general principle and looks at specific instances. Inductive reasoning is key in forming broader generalizations or theories from specific observations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Inductive reasoning involves moving from specific, detailed observations to broader generalizations and theories. In essence, inductive reasoning starts with specific examples and leads to a general conclusion. This would correspond to option A) Specific examples to a general conclusion. To illustrate, if one observes that attendance is lower on Fridays in college classes over a period of time, the inductive reasoning process would allow one to conclude that students prefer to avoid classes on Fridays.
Oppositely, deductive reasoning involves starting with a general principle and moving to specific instances. For example, if you believe that foreign students at your college lack opportunities, you would look at specific aspects such as the absence of multicultural clubs or language support to reach a specific conclusion about each area.
In scientific methodology, both inductive and deductive reasoning are often used in tandem to advance our understanding and knowledge.