Final answer:
The large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo, known as the Galilean moons, are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. These moons are known for their intriguing geological features and remain objects of scientific interest.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question about the Galilean moons, or large moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo, is option b) Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto. These moons were discovered in 1610 and have been subjects of interest ever since due to their unique characteristics and potential for hosting life. Titan, mentioned in some of the other options, is not a moon of Jupiter; it is actually Saturn's largest moon and is interesting in its own right, with an atmosphere and surface features that have been studied extensively by the Cassini spacecraft.
The Jupiter System includes 79 known moons, but the Galilean moons are the four largest: Io is the most volcanically active body in our solar system, Europa is thought to have a global ocean beneath its ice crust, Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system and shows signs of tectonic and volcanic activity, and Callisto has an ancient, cratered surface. These moons are not only significant due to their size, comparable to our own Moon or the planet Mercury, but also due to their complex geology and potential for life.