Final answer:
Fructose intolerance results from an aldolase-B enzyme deficiency, leading to accumulated fructose in the liver and disturbed metabolism. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose when levels rise post-meal. Type 2 diabetes differs as it involves broader issues with blood glucose management that can be influenced by dietary changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Fructose Intolerance
Fructose intolerance is characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme aldolase-B, which is necessary for the proper metabolism of fructose. In individuals with fructose intolerance, the presence of fructose rich diets can lead to symptoms because the body cannot adequately break down fructose. This often results in the accumulation of fructose in the liver, which can disrupt metabolism and lead to further health complications.
When looking at how the body typically handles sugar, insulin production is a key factor. Insulin is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels. After a meal, as blood glucose levels rise, insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen in the liver, effectively lowering blood sugar levels.
Conditions such as type 2 diabetes involve a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, leading to poor blood glucose control. Unlike fructose intolerance, which is specifically related to fructose metabolism, type 2 diabetes has more general effects on the body's ability to manage blood sugar levels. Dietary changes can significantly influence the management of type 2 diabetes, as they can help in controlling blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity.