Final answer:
A leader with a spineless demeanor who doesn't stand up for subordinates likely displays an Avoidance dark-side personality trait. The correct option is Cc.
Step-by-step explanation:
The leader who is described as spineless and unwilling to stand up for subordinates is most likely exhibiting the dark-side personality trait of c. Avoidance.
This trait is characterized by a tendency to shirk responsibilities, avoid conflicts, and a lack of assertiveness, which can lead to a failure to support team members when necessary.
This contrasts with the other options, such as Machiavellianism, which involves manipulation and exploitation; Narcissism, characterized by excessive self-love and a need for admiration; and Authoritarianism, which involves strict adherence to rules and a focus on control and obedience.
When considering the following types of authority that do not primarily reside in a leader, the answer is b. Traditional.
This type of authority is derived from established customs, rituals, and norms that are valued for their historical continuity rather than from the personal characteristics or actions of any individual leader, as opposed to Dictatorial authority, which is centralized in the hands of a single leader. The correct option is c.