Final answer:
To connect a web application to a Microsoft SQL database server, port 1433 must be allowed through the firewall.
Step-by-step explanation:
To connect your new web application to your Microsoft SQL database server, you need to ensure that the appropriate port is allowed through your firewall. The standard port used by Microsoft SQL Server is 1433. So among the options given, d. 1433 is the correct answer. You should configure your firewall to allow traffic through this port for the web application to communicate successfully with the SQL server.