Final answer:
The mnemonic 'MAD FAN' does not pertain to short/medium chain fatty acids or their synthesis via fatty acid synthase, and the citric acid cycle is the process that converts acetyl groups into ATP, CO2, FADH2, and NADH.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mnemonic 'MAD FAN' is not a commonly recognized mnemonic for short/medium chain fatty acids (FAs) and does not directly relate to the synthesis of fatty acids in eukaryotes. The synthesis of fatty acids takes place on a large, multifunctional enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase (FAS), which is formed from a single polypeptide chain. This complex exists as a dimer with the two units arranged head to tail, facilitating the process of elongating the fatty acid chain.
Regarding the second part of the question, the cycle resulting in the conversion of a two-carbon acetyl group to one ATP, two CO2, one FADH2, and three NADH molecules is known as the citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.