Final answer:
The astronaut can move in space by throwing an object in the opposite direction, demonstrating Newton's third law of motion. The inertia of the cupcakes explains why they continued moving forward and were smashed when the car stopped suddenly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question presents humorous choices but is rooted in physics concepts. In this case, the question seems to be an exercise in understanding the principles of inertia and motion.
During a visit to the International Space Station, an astronaut who is positioned motionless in the center of the station can move himself by utilizing Newton's third law of motion. By throwing an object in the direction opposite to where he wants to go, he will move away from his original position. This action-and-reaction pair demonstrates that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the astronaut throws the object, the object exerts a force on the astronaut, propelling him in the opposite direction.
Similarly, when the woman's car in the example question stopped suddenly, the cupcakes continued moving forward due to inertia (Newton's first law), and because no seat belt was holding them back, they ended up getting smashed against the dashboard.