Final answer:
At Confederation in 1867, The Province of Canada was split into Ontario and Quebec. This division addressed the cultural differences between the English-speaking and French-speaking populations and allowed for self-governance within the British Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The province that was split into two at Confederation was The Province of Canada. In 1867, under the British North America Act, the Province of Canada was divided into two separate provinces within the new Dominion of Canada. These two provinces are now known as Ontario and Quebec. Ontario primarily consisted of English-speaking settlers and Quebec was predominantly French-speaking. The division of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada in 1791, which later evolved into Ontario and Quebec respectively, was an earlier British attempt to manage the cultural differences between the French and English settlers.
It's notable that this Confederation dealt not only with governance and cultural issues but was significant for practical matters such as national defense and the establishment of a transcontinental railroad. The Dominion of Canada, though self-governing, remained a part of the British Empire with Queen Victoria as the head of state.