Final answer:
The War of 1812, also known as the Second War of American Independence, is best described by the attempt and failure of the USA to invade Canada, which ensured Canada's independence from the U.S. The war ended with the Treaty of Ghent, and while it did not result in territorial gains for either side, it solidified American sovereignty.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct sentence that best describes the War of 1812 is C. The USA invaded Canada and was defeated, which ensured that Canada would remain independent of the United States.
The War of 1812 is often termed as the Second War of American Independence, primarily because of the unresolved issues post the American Revolutionary War, particularly British practice of impressment of American sailors and support for Native American resistance against U.S. expansion.
The U.S. attempts to invade Canada during the war were repelled, and the hostilities contributed to a surge of national pride in the U.S. and secured the recognition of its sovereignty.
The war concluded with the Treaty of Ghent, which largely restored pre-war boundaries but did establish the United States as a nation separate from British influence.