Final answer:
Implicit memory and explicit memory are the two systems derived from the dissociative phenomenon. Explicit memory is consciously recalled knowledge, like facts or events, whereas implicit memory influences behavior without conscious recollection and includes procedural tasks, priming, and conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Implicit and explicit memory are the two memory systems that arise from the dissociative phenomenon discussed in psychological literature. Explicit memory, or declarative memory, includes information that we intentionally recall and can express in words, such as episodic memory and semantic memory. Examples include recalling the capital of a country or facts learned for a test.
On the other hand, implicit memory is unconsciously retained and influences our behaviors without us being explicitly aware of these influences. This includes procedural memory (skills and tasks), priming (increased sensitivity to certain stimuli), and emotional conditioning. Research on implicit memory has involved tasks such as learning artificial grammars or word lists, revealing that these memories can affect cognitive performance even though they can't be verbally described.
Both types of memory represent different mechanisms of long-term memory storage and retrieval and are studied under various cognitive demand tasks. They are critical to understanding how brain trauma, aging, and disorders can affect memory differently.