Final answer:
Cardiac output is the term for the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, which is the product of heart rate times stroke volume. Both ventricles pump the same amount of blood known as stroke volume, typically 70-80 mL. The equation for cardiac output is CO = HR × SV.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term you're looking for is cardiac output, which is the volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute. Cardiac output is dependent on two key factors: heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV). Heart rate refers to the number of heartbeats per minute, while stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat.
During the ventricular ejection phase, blood is pushed out of the heart through the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves. Although the pressure generated by the left ventricle is higher due to the pressure in the aorta, both ventricles pump the same volume of blood, known as the stroke volume, which is normally about 70-80 mL. The remaining blood after the contraction is referred to as the end systolic volume (ESV).
Mathematically, cardiac output (CO) is calculated by multiplying heart rate (HR) by stroke volume (SV): CO = HR × SV. Factors such as sympathetic stimulation, catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine, thyroid hormones, and calcium ion levels can influence cardiac output by affecting heart rate or stroke volume.