Final answer:
The term that encompasses the origin or cause of victimization and includes variables leading to it is Victim Precipitation. Scapegoat theory involves dominant groups blaming subordinate groups, and IPV is characterized by a significant number of women being victimized.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to the origin or cause of victimization, which includes a cluster of variables that ultimately lead to victimization, is Victim Precipitation. Victim Precipitation is the concept in the field of victimology that analyzes how a victim's interaction and behavior may contribute to their victimization. It is essential to note that this concept does not blame the victim or justify the victimizer's actions, but seeks to understand all aspects of the crime dynamic.
In relation to sociological theories, the scapegoat theory proposes that dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems (Option B). Furthermore, the nature of intimate partner violence (IPV) often presents challenges to researchers due to the variance in data and the unfortunate statistics, such as that one in ten women is a victim of IPV (Option B).