Final answer:
The active forms of both proenzymes and prohormones are produced in the Golgi apparatus through convertase proteolysis, which is crucial for their function in the body. The Golgi apparatus modifies these proteins to ensure correct activation and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is D. Proenzymes and Prohormones. These are both types of inactive precursors that are activated by proteolytic cleavage. Specifically, in the context of the Golgi apparatus, zymogens (or proenzymes) are inactive enzymes that are activated via convertase proteolysis. This process involves the modification and activation of these precursors as they pass through the Golgi vesicles, allowing for the proper functioning of the enzymes once they reach their end destination or are secreted by the cell. Prohormones similarly undergo processing within the Golgi to produce active hormones.
The activation of zymogens and prohormones is a critical step in a wide range of biological functions, such as digestion where zymogens like trypsinogen are activated to trypsin in the small intestine, or in the regulation of physiological processes by hormones. The Golgi apparatus plays a key role in these activations by modifying these proteins through glycosylation and other processes.