Question

Name 3-4 ways an integral membrane protein can be implemented into the phospholipid bilayer? Along with the secondary structure associated with it?

A) Amino Acid Composition, Hydrophobic Loops, Beta-Sheets; Alpha-Helices
B) Signal Peptides, Phosphorylation Sites, Coiled-Coils; Beta-Sheets
C) N-terminal Anchors, Hydrophobic Alpha-Helices, Beta-Barrels; Coiled-Coils
D) Ubiquitination Sites, Disulfide Bonds, G Protein Coupling; Alpha-Helices

Answer 1

Integral membrane proteins can be implemented into the phospholipid bilayer through amino acid composition, hydrophobic loops, beta-sheets, and alpha-helices. The secondary structure associated with integral membrane proteins includes alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and coiled-coils.

Step-by-step explanation:

A) Amino Acid Composition, Hydrophobic Loops, Beta-Sheets; Alpha-Helices
B) Signal Peptides, Phosphorylation Sites, Coiled-Coils; Beta-Sheets
C) N-terminal Anchors, Hydrophobic Alpha-Helices, Beta-Barrels; Coiled-Coils

Integral membrane proteins can be implemented into the phospholipid bilayer in several ways. The amino acid composition of the protein can play a role, with certain amino acids being more likely to interact with the membrane. Hydrophobic loops and alpha-helices can also contribute to the integration. Additionally, beta-sheets can span the membrane and be part of the integral protein. The secondary structure associated with integral membrane proteins includes alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and coiled-coils.