Final answer:
Mary I, also known as 'Bloody Mary,' aimed to restore Catholicism in England and was responsible for the execution of numerous Protestants. She was succeeded by Elizabeth I, who took a more moderate religious approach.
Step-by-step explanation:
The queen known for aiming to restore Catholicism in England and executing numerous Protestants by burning at the stake is Mary I. She became queen following the death of her brother, Edward VI, and her reign was characterized by efforts to reverse the Protestant Reformation within England through severe persecution of those who opposed Catholic dogma, which earned her the nickname 'Bloody Mary.'
However, Mary I died before completely achieving her goal of a Catholic restoration. Her half-sister, Elizabeth I, succeeded her and adopted a more moderate religious policy, emphasizing stability and the balance between Protestants and Catholics, marking a stark contrast to Mary's approach. Elizabeth's reign saw the establishment of the Church of England with a blend of practices, leaning toward Protestantism, setting the stage for further religious and political dynamics in England.