Final answer:
The Divine Right of Kings is the political doctrine that states that a monarch derives their power from God and is not accountable to earthly authorities like Parliament.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political doctrine that asserts that kings derive their power from God, making them unaccountable to human institutions like Parliament, is known as the Divine Right of Kings. This doctrine claims that a monarch's right to rule is granted directly by God, not subject to the will of the people, the aristocracy, or any other earthly power. In history, this belief held that only God could judge a monarch, and any attempts to depose or restrict the monarch's powers were against the will of God. This concept was a central justification for the rule of absolute monarchies, where kings or queens held unmitigated power, whereas constitutional monarchies have evolved to limit the monarch's power and establish checks and balances in the form of constitutions and parliamentary systems.