Final answer:
Cylinders of liquefied gases should not be charged to more than 100% capacity by weight or pressure to ensure safety. Calculations using the ideal gas law help manage pressure changes due to temperature variations in gas cylinders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the safe charging of cylinders containing liquefied gases, which is a safety standard that must be adhered to in order to prevent accidents due to overpressure. Cylinders of liquefied gases should not be charged more than 100% of their maximum capacity by weight or pressure. Overcharging can lead to excessive pressure, especially when the temperature increases, which may cause the cylinder to rupture or explode.
For high-pressure gas cylinders, such as that containing toxic gas, the application of the ideal gas law can be used to calculate changes in pressure when temperature changes are involved, allowing safe handling and preventive measures to be taken, such as cooling in case of leaks.
Similarly, calculations using the ideal gas law or the van der Waals equation for non-ideal gases can determine if a certain amount of gas contained within a cylinder at a particular temperature can be safe without reaching the rupture pressure of the container, as in the example of manufacturing chlorine gas cylinders.