Final answer:
Genetic variation is essential for the survival and evolution of a species, passed on through asexual or sexual reproduction. Beneficial traits become more prevalent through the process of natural selection, often described as 'survival of the fittest'.
Step-by-step explanation:
Variation Within a Species
Genetic variation is crucial for the survival of a species. This variation, which is the genetic differences between individuals, is essential for evolution.
Through either asexual or sexual reproduction, variations or changes in the genetic material (mutations) can be inherited by offspring. Over time, these small changes accumulate and can lead to major evolutionary changes.
Populations of a species share what is known as a gene pool, which includes all the different gene variants present in the species.
It is through the gene pool that genetic variance is maintained and passed on. For sexually reproducing organisms, the genetic material must be present in the gametes (sperm or egg) to be passed on to the next generation.
Reproduction therefore becomes a key mechanism through which genetic changes are established in a population or species.
Over successive generations, these genetic messages continue to define and distinguish the species, contributing to its continuity.
Natural selection plays a pivotal role in this process. In the struggle for existence, individuals with favorable variations are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on these beneficial traits.
This is referred to as the 'survival of the fittest'. Additionally, efforts in breeding programs aim to increase genetic variance to preserve phenotypic diversity and prevent the negative consequences of inbreeding.