Final answer:
Bruce Kidd asserted that early amateur sporting codes excluded individuals based on class and race, which is true. These exclusions were part of broader societal influences where race and class played significant roles in determining access and privileges.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Bruce Kidd, it is true that the earliest amateur codes restricted participation on the basis of class and race. These early codes were indeed influenced by issues such as social class and racial discrimination, leading to exclusionary practices in amateur athletics. This reflects broader historic trends where economic and social privileges were often intertwined with race and class, affecting various aspects of society.