Final answer:
The correct answer is C .Resistance genes arise from genetic mutations and natural selection, while horizontal gene transfer facilitates their spread among bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sources of resistance genes are genetic mutations, examples being horizontal gene transfer (like conjugation, transformation, and transduction), and natural selection.
One of the primary habits that help resistance genes spread is the overuse of antibiotics. When bacteria are exposed to antibiotics, those with resistance genes survive and reproduce.
The resistance genes. Horizontal gene transfer mechanisms further facilitate the spread of resistance amongst bacteria, even across different species.
Overusing antibiotics in both human medicine and livestock farming contributes significantly to the acceleration of this process. When used imprudently, antibiotics create a selection pressure that favors .
antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, incorrect disposal of antibiotics leads to environmental contamination that further supports the survival and multiplication of resistant bacteria.
Hence, taking steps like reducing unnecessary antibiotic use and improving waste management practices are critical in managing the spread of antibiotic resistance.