Final answer:
The correct formal charges for the atoms in ammonia (NH3) are zero for both hydrogen and nitrogen, which aligns with the molecule's overall neutral charge. Therefore, the correct answer is A) Formal charge of H = 0, Formal charge of N = 0.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which one is correct for the formal charges of H and N in ammonia (NH3). The formal charge on an atom in a molecule can be calculated based on the number of valence electrons the atom has brought to the molecule, the number of nonbonding electrons on the atom, and the number of bonding electrons divided by two. For hydrogen atoms in ammonia, they have one bond and no lone pairs, resulting in a formal charge of 0. The nitrogen in ammonia has five valence electrons, it forms three bonds with hydrogen atoms and has one lone pair (two electrons). This gives nitrogen a total of five electrons around it (three from bonds and two from the lone pair) which equals its valence electrons, hence, the formal charge on nitrogen is also 0. When adding together the formal charges, it should equal the overall charge on the molecule. In NH3, the sum of the formal charges of hydrogen atoms and the nitrogen atom is 0, which corresponds to the neutral charge of the ammonia molecule.
Therefore, the correct answer is: A) Formal charge of H = 0, Formal charge of N = 0.