Final answer:
The enzyme that removes the signal sequence from growing polypeptides in the rough endoplasmic reticulum is called signalase. It is distinct from enzymes involved in DNA replication such as DNA polymerase and ligase, highlighting its specific role in protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The enzyme responsible for removing the signal sequence from the growing polypeptides in the rough endoplasmic reticulum is called signalase. Unlike DNA polymerase which synthesizes DNA and DNA ligase which seals Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, signalase specifically functions in the modification of newly synthesized proteins. This process is crucial for proper protein targeting within the cell. Incorrect options, such as DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and ligase, are involved in DNA replication and repair, rather than protein synthesis and processing.